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A domain name is basically a Web site address. For example, "washingtonpost.com" is the address of the Washington Post Web site; it's also the site's domain name. Note: The entire Web address, i.e., http://www.washingtonpost.com, is known as the URL (Uniform Resource Locator). There are three "levels" of domain names. The first level, described in detail below, is the "extension" part of the name, i.e. ".com." The second level would be "washingtonpost.com." The third level would be "www.washingtonpost.com."
Top-Level Domains
A domain name extension is called a top-level domain (TLD). These are divided into three different categories: generic top-level domains (gTLD), country code top-level domains (ccTLD) and infrastructure top-level domains.
Generic top-level domains are the ones most frequently seen on the Web:
.com (originally intended for use by commercial organizations but is available to anyone).
.net (originally intended for use by sites directly related to the Internet but is available to anyone).
.org (originally intended for use by non-profit organizations but is available to anyone).
.edu (used by educational organizations).
.gov (reserved for agencies of the United States government).
.mil (reserved for the United States military).
established by treaty. i.e. the European Union: http://europa.eu.int). .aero (reserved for members of the air transport industry).
.biz (for use by businesses only).
.coop (reserved for cooperative associations).
.info.
.museum (reserved for museums).
.name (reserved for individuals).
.pro (being developed for professionals and related entities).
The next top-level domains are the two letter country codes. These are used to designate a country or a dependent territory. For instance, in the URL http://www.telegraph.co.uk, the "uk" represents the United Kingdom. A listing of all country codes can be found on the IANA Web site. IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) oversees the allocation of all TLD's.
The top-level domain infrastructure is limited to ".arpa" and is used exclusively for Internet-infrastructure purposes. The .arpa designation comes from the United States Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, the government agency which formulated the Internet.